![]() Tea varietiesīlack, green, and white teas are prepared from leaves of the same plant, Camellia sinensis. Therefore, 1 cup (237 ml) of brewed coffee generally has more caffeine than a cup of tea. ![]() Typically, you also use more coffee beans than you’d use tea leaves for a drink ( 12). However, the coffee brewing process uses hotter water, which extracts more of the caffeine from the beans. Tea leaves contain 3.5% caffeine, while coffee beans have 1.1–2.2%. The amount of caffeine in tea or coffee can vary significantly depending on the origin, type, and preparation of the drink ( 11). It’s associated with many health benefits, but consuming too much of it may raise some concerns.Ĭaffeine content varies by beverage type and preparation SummaryĬaffeine is a popular stimulating compound found in many foods and drinks, including coffee and tea. In addition, some studies suggest that drinking it regularly, even in moderate amounts, can cause chronic headaches and migraines ( 8, 9, 10).įurthermore, caffeine is considered mildly addictive, and some people may be more susceptible to developing a dependence ( 9). In large doses, caffeine has been associated with anxiety, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping. That said, consuming high amounts - such as single doses over 500 mg - may raise some concerns ( 2, 3). Department of Agriculture (USDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) define a safe caffeine intake as up to 400 mg per day, 200 mg per single dose, or 1.4 mg per pound (3 mg per kg) of body weight ( 1, 2, 3).ĭue to its stimulating effects, caffeine has been linked to health benefits like enhanced alertness, improved athletic performance, elevated mood, and increased metabolism ( 4, 5, 6, 7). Imminent cardiac arrest in caffeine toxicity should prompt intra-lipid therapy to scavenge the free serum caffeine.An estimated 80% of the world’s population enjoys a caffeinated product daily.īoth the U.S. ![]() Caffeine exhibits ideal characteristics to be dialyzed, including low protein binding (36%), low molecular size (194), and a small volume of distribution (0.6 to 0.8 L/kg). Hemodialysis has been effective in severe, life-threatening caffeine ingestions. Īctivated charcoal can bind caffeine if the ingestion is recent, and repeated doses can help diminish serum levels via the enterohepatic circulation. Vasopressors, such as vasopressin or phenylephrine, can be used to maintain blood pressure (goal mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mm Hg) without worsening tachycardia. Procainamide, lidocaine, or bicarbonate have also been utilized for the treatment of tachydysrhythmias. Beta-blockade with esmolol is useful for tachycardia. Hydration may be oral in minor cases, yet severe cases benefit from intravenous (IV) hydration. The primary treatment for minor caffeine ingestion is supportive. įatal caffeine overdose is relatively uncommon, and treatment data is limited to case reports. Cardiac monitoring allows evaluation of heart rate and early recognition of dysrhythmias such as ventricular ectopy or fibrillation. An electrocardiogram may demonstrate tachycardia, ST-segment depressions, or T-wave inversions. It is also important to obtain serum myoglobin and creatine kinase levels to monitor for rhabdomyolysis. Caffeine toxicity can result in hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, and hyperglycemia. Ī venous blood gas may demonstrate anion gap metabolic acidosis, which can be severe. Lethal blood levels are typically above 80 to 100 mg/L, although one case occurred at 15 mg/L. Although not available in all hospitals, serum caffeine levels are generally obtained with an immunoassay. Serum caffeine levels can guide prognosis and therapy. ![]() Routine serum laboratory evaluations can be useful in drug overdose cases, especially in the setting of unstable vital signs, seizures, or altered sensorium. ![]()
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